Oligomenorrhea refers to infrequent menstrual periods. The condition is often characterized by cycles longer than 35 days but shorter than six months. Though occasional irregularity in the menstrual cycle is common, women with oligomenorrhea experience persistent abnormal cycles, which can be an indication of a health issue. Learn the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments for oligomenorrhea below.
Causes of Oligomenorrhea
Some of the common causes include:
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): One of the leading causes of oligomenorrhea- PCOS affects hormone levels, leading to irregular ovulation and infrequent periods.
- Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) or hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) can disrupt menstrual cycles and lead to oligomenorrhea.
- Hypothalamic Dysfunction: Stress, excessive exercise, or eating disorders can affect the hypothalamus. The latter controls the release of hormones needed for menstruation.
- Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI): Also known as early menopause, Premature Ovarian Insufficiency occurs when the ovaries stop functioning before age 40. This can cause infrequent or absent periods.
- Chronic Health Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure can affect hormonal balance, contributing to menstrual irregularities.
- High Prolactin Levels: High prolactin levels either accompanying thyroid disorder or due to prolactinoma a small tumour in the pituitary gland may cause missed periods.
Symptoms of Oligomenorrhea
The primary symptom of oligomenorrhea is the occurrence of fewer menstrual cycles in a year- usually fewer than six. Other signs that may accompany this condition include:
- Irregular Periods: Periods that come less frequently than the usual 28-day cycle.
- Amenorrhea: A complete absence of menstruation for several months.
- Heavy or Prolonged Bleeding: In some cases, women may experience heavier bleeding when they do get their periods due to hormonal imbalances.
- Infertility: Oligomenorrhea can cause challenges in conceiving, as irregular ovulation may interfere with pregnancy.
Diagnosis of Oligomenorrhea
A thorough diagnosis is essential to identify the underlying cause of oligomenorrhea. The diagnostic process includes:
- Medical History: The doctor will ask about menstrual cycles, lifestyle, family history, and any symptoms like weight changes or excessive hair growth.
- Physical Examination: A physical examination can help to identify signs of hormonal imbalance, like acne or excess facial hair.
- Blood Tests: Hormone levels ( like prolactin, FSH, thyroid hormones, estrogen, and testosterone) in the blood tests are tested to check for imbalances that may contribute to irregular periods.
- Ultrasound: In cases of PCOS or ovarian issues, an ultrasound may be performed to assess the ovaries and the presence of cysts.
- Pregnancy Test: A pregnancy test will help rule out pregnancy as a cause of missed or irregular periods.
Treatments
Common treatments for oligomenorrhea are as follows.
- Lifestyle Changes: For women with oligomenorrhea related to stress, weight, or exercise, adjusting these factors can help regulate menstrual cycles. Maintaining a healthy weight, reducing stress, and engaging in moderate physical activity can promote regular periods.
- Hormonal Therapy: Hormonal treatments are commonly prescribed to regulate menstrual cycles, particularly for women with PCOS or those experiencing hormonal imbalances.
- Thyroid Treatment: If hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is identified, appropriate thyroid medication may help restore normal menstrual cycles.
- Fertility Treatments: For women suffering from infertility due to oligomenorrhea, treatments such as ovulation induction may be used to promote regular ovulation and improve the chances of conception.
- Surgical Intervention: In rare cases, surgeries like ovarian drilling may be considered for women with severe PCOS-related oligomenorrhea.
Conclusion
Oligomenorrhea is often a manageable issue when diagnosed and treated correctly. If you experience irregular periods or any of the symptoms mentioned above, you can consult our doctor for abnormal menstruation treatment in Kolkata.
