Abnormal Menstruation
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Dr. Smita Jadhav: Best Abnormal Menstruation Treatment in Kolkata
What is Abnormal Menstruation?
Symptoms of Abnormal Menstruation
- Menstrual cycles occur less than 21 days apart or more than 35 days apart.
- Missing three or more periods in a row.
- Menstrual flow that is significantly heavier or lighter than usual.
- Periods lasting longer than seven days.
- Variability in the length of cycles by more than nine days, such as one cycle being 28 days, the next 37 days, and the following 29 days.
- Severe pain, cramping, nausea, or vomiting accompanying periods.
- Bleeding or spotting between periods, after menopause, or following sexual intercourse.
- Soaking through one or more sanitary pads within an hour.
Contact Dr. Smita Jadhav, the best abnormal menstruation doctor in Kolkata, if you experience any of the aforementioned signs of abnormal menstruation.
What is Abnormal Menstruation?
Abnormal menstruation, or menstrual irregularity, refers to any deviation from a regular menstrual cycle. While variations in menstrual patterns are common, abnormal menstruation involves significant deviations in frequency, duration, or intensity. This condition can manifest in various ways, disrupting the usual rhythm of a woman’s menstrual cycle and, in some cases, leading to other, more severe health concerns.
Causes of Abnormal Periods
Hormonal birth control methods, including pills, patches, implants, and IUDs, suppress ovulation and usually prevent menstruation. However, users may experience vaginal bleeding, which can vary in pattern:
- Monthly bleeding similar to a regular period.
- Spotting or irregular bleeding.
- Lighter or heavier bleeding.
Prolactin, a hormone involved in milk production, can also suppress ovulation during breastfeeding, often leading to the absence of periods, known as lactational amenorrhea. This is normal and harmless. Menstrual cycles usually resume after breastfeeding decreases or stops.
Perimenopause, the transition to menopause starting in the 40s and lasting 4–8 years, is marked by irregular menstrual cycles and eventually the cessation of periods. Symptoms may include:
- Hot flashes
- Night sweats
- Mood swings
- Difficulty sleeping
- Vaginal dryness
High-stress levels can lead to irregular periods. Stress hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol, can disrupt the sex hormones that regulate menstruation.
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Types of Abnormal Menstruation
1. Amenorrhea
a. Primary Amenorrhea:
b. Secondary Amenorrhea:
2. Oligomenorrhea
- PCOS
- Androgen-secreting tumors
- Primary ovarian insufficiency
- Hyperthyroidism
- Diabetes
- Eating disorders
- Pelvic inflammatory disease
3. Dysmenorrhea
a. Primary Dysmenorrhea:
b. Secondary Dysmenorrhea:
4. Menorrhagia
- Hormonal imbalances
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Uterine fibroids
- Miscarriage
- Ectopic pregnancy
- Pelvic infections
- Tumors and polyps
- Birth control devices like IUDs
5. Metrorrhagia
6. Polymenorrhea
- High estrogen levels
- Stress
- Certain medications
- Polyps or uterine fibroids
- Thyroid issues
- PCOS
7. Hypomenorrhea
- Hormonal contraceptives
- Low body fat or obesity
- Hormonal imbalances
- Intrauterine adhesions
- Stress and depression
- Intense exercise
8. Hypermenorrhea
- Hormonal disorders
- Liver disease
- Uterine abnormalities
Diagnosis of Abnormal Menstruation
Pelvic Ultrasound
Endometrial Biopsy
Hysteroscopy
Treatments for Abnormal Menstruation
1. Hormonal Therapies
a. Birth Control Pills:
b. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT):
c. Progestin:
2. Lifestyle Changes
a. Diet and Exercise:
b. Stress Management:
3. Medications
NSAIDs:
4. Surgery
Hysterectomy:
5. Addressing Underlying Conditions:
a. Treating PCOS:
b. Managing Thyroid Disorders:
c. Managing Endometriosis:
Frequently Asked Questions
Abnormal menstruation can signal underlying medical issues that may need attention. It’s advisable to consult the gynecologist to determine whether your irregular periods are due to a serious condition. Young girls often experience irregular periods as their menstrual cycles are still establishing a pattern and ovulation may not yet be regular.
The most common menstrual problem is dysmenorrhea, characterized by painful periods or cramps. Women who are obese, smoke, consume excessive alcohol, or started menstruating early are more likely to experience dysmenorrhea. In severe cases, the pain can be debilitating and disrupt daily activities.
Missing a period or two may not be cause for immediate concern, but it can indicate underlying medical issues. It’s a good idea to consult with the gynecologist to investigate the cause and determine if any treatment is necessary.
Abnormal menstruation can be more common due to factors such as intense exercise, significant weight changes, stress, medical conditions like PCOS and thyroid disorders, and hormonal imbalances. It can also occur due to pregnancy, breastfeeding, puberty, or menopause.
Yes, abnormal/irregular menstruation and pregnancy are interlinked, as the former may indicate irregular ovulation or other hormonal imbalances. If your menstrual cycle is irregular, it may be challenging to predict when you’re ovulating, which is crucial for conception. It’s advisable to consult the gynecologist for an evaluation and potential treatments to improve your chances of getting pregnant.
Pregnancy usually causes a halt in menstrual periods. However, some women may experience light bleeding or spotting, which can be mistaken for a period. If you have irregular periods and suspect you might be pregnant, taking a pregnancy test or consulting the gynecologist can help determine if pregnancy is the cause of the changes in your cycle.
